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Z_0 = \sqrt{\mu_0 \varepsilon_0^{-1}} = \mu_0 c_0 = \varepsilon_0^{-1} c_0^{-1}
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\mu_0 \varepsilon_0 c_0^2 = 1\quad\quad c_0 = \sqrt{\mu_0^{-1}\varepsilon_0^{-1}}

where:

  • Mathinline
    body\varepsilon_0
    = capacitivity (permittivity) of free space, or vacuum capacitivity

  • Mathinline
    body--uriencoded--\varepsilon_0%5e%7B-1%7D
    = elastivity (reciprocal permittivity) of free space, or vacuum elastivity

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    body\mu_0
    = inductivity (permeability) of free space, or vacuum inductivity

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    body--uriencoded--\mu_0%5e%7B-1%7D
    = reluctivity (reciprocal permeability) of free space or vacuum reluctivity

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    bodyZ_0
    = impedance of free space, or vacuum impedance

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    bodyc_0
    = speed of light in free space, or vacuum lightspeed

Coulomb’s Law

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F = \varepsilon_0^{-1}\frac{q_1 q_2}{\sigma r^2}

where:

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    body\sigma = 2\tau = 4\pi

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    bodyq_1, q_2
    = quantities of electricity (electric charges)

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    bodyr
    = distance between them

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    body--uriencoded--\sigma r%5e2
    = surface area of sphere at radius
    Mathinline
    bodyr

...