= capacitivity (permittivity) of free space, or vacuum capacitivity
= elastivity (reciprocal permittivity) of free space, or vacuum elastivity
= inductivity (permeability) of free space, or vacuum inductivity
= reluctivity (reciprocal permeability) of free space or vacuum reluctivity
= impedance of free space, or vacuum impedance
Coulomb’s Law
where
= quantities of electricity (electric charges)
= distance between them
= surface area of sphere at radius