= capacitivity (permittivity) of free space, or vacuum capacitivity
Z_0 = \sqrt{\mu_0 \varepsilon_0^{-1}} = \mu_0 c_0 = \varepsilon_0^{-1} c_0^{-1}
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\mu_0 \varepsilon_0 c_0^2 = 1\quad\quad c_0 = \sqrt{\mu_0^{-1}\varepsilon_0^{-1}}
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where:
= capacitivity (permittivity) of free space, or vacuum capacitivity
= elastivity (reciprocal permittivity) of free space, or vacuum elastivity
= inductivity (permeability) of free space, or vacuum inductivity
= reluctivity (reciprocal permeability) of free space or vacuum reluctivity
= impedance of free space, or vacuum impedance
= speed of light in free space, or vacuum lightspeed
F = \varepsilon_0^{-1}\frac{q_1 q_2}{\sigma r^2} |
where:
= quantities of electricity (electric charges)
= distance between them
= surface area of sphere at radius