These units measure electric flux, which Primel terms “electric influence”, typically symbolized, which is the ratio of “influence” (surface integral of force) to “quantity of electricity” (electric charge).

where

• is a closed Gaussian surface

• is the electric field (“electric force”, i.e., force per charge)

• is an infinitessimal surface normal area vector on surface

• is the total electric charge (“quantity of electricity”) contained within the surface

• is the vacuum “elastivity” (reciprocal of vacuum “capacitivity” also known as vacuum permittivity)

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