⚀Clock Periods and ⚀Phases of the Day
Observe that we can bisect a day into two ⚀clock periods (semi·days), each 6 ⚀dwells long (equivalent to 60z ⚀breathers, or 600z ⚀trices, or 10z|12d hours, or 500z|720d minutes). But where should we make the partition? The modern Western convention, of course, is to divide the day at noon and midnight, yielding the familiar Ante Meridiem (A.M.) and Post Meridiem (P.M.) ⚀clock periods. These are Latin for “Before Mid-Day” and “After Mid-Day”.
However, some cultures (notably the Abrahamic religions) have traditionally bisected the day at sunrise and sunset, yielding Daylight and Nighttime ⚀clock periods. In Latin, these might be called Lux and Nox. The traditional approach of these cultures is to observe the actual appearance and disappearance of the sun across the horizon, marking sunrise and sunset on a daily basis. This makes the division between Lux and Nox, and the lengths of both, a complex, varying function of latitude, longitude, season of the year, Daylight Savings Time, and the effects of twilight atmospheric refraction.
For that matter, the actual points of “mid-day”, when the Sun is at zenith, and “mid-night”, when the Sun is at nadir, are just as subject to daily and seasonal fluctuation. For simplicity however, Primel will assume “nominal” or “average” times for these events, with “mean sunrise” and “mean sunset" deemed to occur exactly half-way between “nominal midnight” and “nominal noon”.
But which way should we divide the day? Interesting question. Dozenal base provides easy divisibility by 4—so what if we bisected the day both ways? Then this would divide the day into quarters, analogous to the four seasons of the year or the four phases of the Moon. Primel proposes calling these quarters ⚀phases of the day. Each would be 3 ⚀dwells long (equivalent to 30z ⚀breathers, or 300z ⚀trices, or 6 hours, or 260z=360d minutes).
We can give each ⚀phase of the day a distinct name. One way to do this is simply to use the cross-product of the names of the two orthogonal bisections. But it turns out that English already has suitable names for these periods:
⚀Phases of the Day | ||||||||
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Phase | Latin Phrase | English Translation | Period | ⚀Trice Time | Sexagesimal Time | |||
From | To | From | To | From | To | |||
Overnight | Nox Ante Meridiem | Nighttime Before Mid‑Day | Nominal Midnight | Mean Sunrise | 000z | 2ƐƐz | 12:00d A.M. | 05:59d A.M. |
Morning | Lux Ante Meridiem | Daylight Before Mid‑Day | Mean Sunrise | Nominal Noon | 300z | 5ƐƐz | 06:00d A.M. | 11:59d A.M. |
Afternoon | Lux Post Meridiem | Daylight After Mid‑Day | Nominal Noon | Mean Sunset | 600z | 8ƐƐz | 12:00d P.M. | 05:59d P.M. |
Evening | Nox Post Meridiem | Nighttime After Mid‑Day | Mean Sunset | Nominal Midnight | 900z | ƐƐƐz | 06:00d P.M. | 11:59d P.M. |
Hence the ⚀clock periods are combinations of two adjacent ⚀phases each:
⚀Clocks of the Day | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latin Name | Abbr | Engish Translation | Constituents | Period | ⚀Trice Time | Sexagesimal Time | |||
From | To | From | To | From | To | ||||
Lux | Daylight | Morning + Afternoon | Mean Sunrise | Mean Sunset | 300z | 8ƐƐz | 06:00d A.M. | 05:59d P.M. | |
Nox | Nighttime | Evening + Overnight | Mean Sunset | Mean Sunrise | 900z | 2ƐƐz | 06:00d P.M. | 05:59d A.M. | |
Ante Meridiem | A.M. | Before Mid‑Day | Overnight + Morning | Nominal Midnight | Nominal Noon | 000 | 5ƐƐz | 12:00d A.M. | 11:59d A.M. |
Post Meridiem | P.M. | After Mid‑Day | Afternoon + Evening | Nominal Noon | Nominal Midnight | 600z | ƐƐƐz | 12:00d P.M. | 11:59d P.M. |
We can divide each ⚀phase into 3 ⚀dwells, and assign them names: Early, Mid, and Late:
⚀Dwells of the Day | ||||||||||||
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⚀Clock (⚀Semi·day) | ⚀Phase (⚀Quarter·day) | ⚀Dwell (⚀Uncia·day) | ⚀Trice Time | TGM Time | Hours:⚀Trices | Sexagesimal Time | ||||||
From | To | From | To | From | To | From | To | |||||
|
| O V E R N I G H T | 0 | Early Overnight | 000z | 05Ɛz | 0000z | 00ƐƐz | 00:00z | 00:5Ɛz | 12:00d A.M. | 12:59d A.M. |
060z | 0ƐƐz | 0100z | 01ƐƐz | 01:00z | 01:5Ɛz | 01:00d A.M. | 01:59d A.M. | |||||
1 | Mid Overnight | 100z | 15Ɛz | 0200z | 02ƐƐz | 02:00z | 02:5Ɛz | 02:00d A.M. | 02:59d A.M. | |||
160z | 1ƐƐz | 0300z | 03ƐƐz | 03:00z | 03:5Ɛz | 03:00d A.M. | 03:59d A.M. | |||||
2 | Late Overnight | 200z | 25Ɛz | 0400z | 04ƐƐz | 04:00z | 04:5Ɛz | 04:00d A.M. | 04:59d A.M. | |||
260z | 2ƐƐz | 0500z | 05ƐƐz | 05:00z | 05:5Ɛz | 05:00d A.M. | 05:59d A.M. | |||||
L U X | M O R N I N G | 3 | Early Morning | 300z | 35Ɛz | 0600z | 06ƐƐz | 06:00z | 06:5Ɛz | 06:00d A.M. | 06:59d A.M. | |
360z | 3ƐƐz | 0700z | 07ƐƐz | 07:00z | 07:5Ɛz | 07:00d A.M. | 07:59d A.M. | |||||
4 | Mid Morning | 400z | 45Ɛz | 0800z | 08ƐƐz | 08:00z | 08:5Ɛz | 08:00d A.M. | 08:59d A.M. | |||
460z | 4ƐƐz | 0900z | 09ƐƐz | 09:00z | 09:5Ɛz | 09:00d A.M. | 09:59d A.M. | |||||
5 | Late Morning | 500z | 55Ɛz | 0ᘔ00z | 0ᘔƐƐz | 0ᘔ:00z | 0ᘔ:5Ɛz | 10:00d A.M. | 10:59d A.M. | |||
560z | 5ƐƐz | 0Ɛ00z | 0ƐƐƐz | 0Ɛ:00z | 0Ɛ:5Ɛz | 11:00d A.M. | 11:59d A.M. | |||||
P O S T M E R I D I E M | A F T E R N O O N | 6 | Early Afternoon | 600z | 65Ɛz | 1000z | 10ƐƐz | 10:00z | 10:5Ɛz | 12:00d P.M. | 12:59d P.M. | |
660z | 6ƐƐz | 1100z | 11ƐƐz | 11:00z | 11:5Ɛz | 01:00d P.M. | 01:59d P.M. | |||||
7 | Mid Afternoon | 700z | 75Ɛz | 1200z | 12ƐƐz | 12:00z | 12:5Ɛz | 02:00d P.M. | 02:59d P.M. | |||
760z | 7ƐƐz | 1300z | 13ƐƐz | 13:00z | 13:5Ɛz | 03:00d P.M. | 03:59d P.M. | |||||
8 | Late Afternoon | 800z | 85Ɛz | 1400z | 14ƐƐz | 14:00z | 14:5Ɛz | 04:00d P.M. | 04:59d P.M. | |||
860z | 8ƐƐz | 1500z | 15ƐƐz | 15:00z | 15:5Ɛz | 05:00d P.M. | 05:59d P.M. | |||||
N O X | E V E N I N G | 9 | Early Evening | 900z | 95Ɛz | 1600z | 16ƐƐz | 16:00z | 16:5Ɛz | 06:00d P.M. | 06:59d P.M. | |
960z | 9ƐƐz | 1700z | 17ƐƐz | 17:00z | 17:5Ɛz | 07:00d P.M. | 07:59d P.M. | |||||
ᘔ | Mid Evening | ᘔ00z | ᘔ5Ɛz | 1800z | 18ƐƐz | 18:00z | 18:5Ɛz | 08:00d P.M. | 08:59d P.M. | |||
ᘔ60z | ᘔƐƐz | 1900z | 19ƐƐz | 19:00z | 19:5Ɛz | 09:00d P.M. | 09:59d P.M. | |||||
Ɛ | Late Evening | Ɛ00z | Ɛ5Ɛz | 1ᘔ00z | 1ᘔƐƐz | 1ᘔ:00z | 1ᘔ:5Ɛz | 10:00d P.M. | 10:59d P.M. | |||
Ɛ60z | ƐƐƐz | 1Ɛ00z | 1ƐƐƐz | 1Ɛ:00z | 1Ɛ:5Ɛz | 11:00d P.M. | 11:59d P.M. |
In a Primel world, people would likely tell time in terms of the ⚀trice count. Since the ⚀trice is 5/6 of a minute, this gives accuracy to the minute and better, using only three dozenal digits. Conventional 12d-hour clock time requires four digits plus an indicator of the current ⚀clock period, A.M. or P.M. TGM time in ⚀lapses does better in that the hour is encoded in a single digit and the top digit encodes the ⚀clock period (0=A.M., 1=P.M.). However, one more digit only gives accuracy down to the nearest 5-minute (6-⚀trice) ⚀block. To get at least minute accuracy in TGM requires 4 digits. But because the ⚀lapse is half the size of the ⚀trice, and only 25d seconds long, this provides too much accuracy, at the expense of taking up an additional digit. Bottom line, the Primel scheme is the most compact.
The so-called “9-to-5” job would start at 460z ⚀trices, half-way through Mid Morning ⚀dwell, and would end at 860z ⚀trices, half-way through Late Afternoon ⚀dwell. This gives a total duration of 400z ⚀trices or 4 ⚀dwells (8 hours). Then again, in a Primel world, businesses might opt to start and end the work day on round ⚀dwells, let's say 400z to 800z ⚀trices (8:00d A.M. to 4:00d P.M., or Mid Morning through Mid Afternoon), or perhaps even 500z to 900z ⚀trices (10:00d A.M. to 6:00d P.M., or Late Morning through Late Afternoon). In the latter case, this might be referred to as a “5-to-9” job, standing the conventional term on its head.